Luffa Cylindrica Fibers Unveiled: A Sustainable Approach for 4-Nitrophenol Removal in Aqueous Solutions through Activated Carbon Utilization

Abstract

The prevalence of mutagenic and highly toxic compounds, such as 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) and its derivatives, in industrial wastewater poses a significant environmental threat. This study emphasizes the critical need for public authorities to prioritize combating organic compound pollution for achieving sustainable development. The focus of this research is the preparation and evaluation of activated carbon adsorbents derived from Luffa cylindrica fibers (LC) for the efficient removal of 4-NP from aqueous solutions. The preparation involved carbonization process by heating LC in an argon furnace at 800℃, resulting in carbonized Luffa cylindrica fibers (LCC). Subsequently, chemical activation is performed using potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, denoted as LCA. The properties of the adsorbent are identified through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). To assess the removal efficiency of 4-NP, various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, and 4-NP solution concentration are investigated. Optimal conditions for maximum 4-NP removal are achieved at a concentration of 50 mg/L, an adsorbent dosage of 0.75 mg/L (LCA), and a solution pH of 5. These conditions result in an impressive 99 % removal of 4-NP in 60 minutes. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing locally available raw materials, such as LC fibers, to prepare an adsorbent with a robust adsorptive capacity for toxic pollutants like 4-NP. The findings underscore the potential of eco-friendly solutions in addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainable practices in wastewater treatment.